ISO is how much light noise you allow in your picture by changing the ISO. you can either set it manually on some settings or set it to auto.
White balance is the different light settings on a camera. the basic ones are is daylight, shade, cloudy, tungsten light, and fluorescent light.
bracketing is when you set your camera to continuous shooting, and also at different exposures. for example -1, 0, & 1. these means that when you hold the shutter in, it will take 3 different pictures at those different exposures. it is supposed to represent an under-exposed photo, a correctly exposed photo and over-exposed photo.
exposure is the combination of 3 settings. ISO, aperture, and shutter speed. these three combined help a photo get to its “right” exposure. we call these three terms together, the Exposure Triangle because of the balance you have to create to get the correct exposure you want using all three.
there is not a right or wrong exposure because each photography will want a different feel for a photo. sometimes that is a darker image or a lighter image.
the images above are examples of bracketing. the first image is ‘underexposed’. the middle is considered the ‘right’ exposure, and the last image is considered overexposed.’
these images are just 3 examples of different white balance. the first one is fluorescent, the middle is cloudy, and the last shady.
this image was considered the ‘right’ exposure with a middle range ISO, but this shows that there are preferences within different photographers. because this was taken outside, it is still a little bright, and personally i would still think it a bit overexposed. however this is my featured photo because i like how you can see the detail in the leaves of the flower and that you can still tell what is in the background as well.